~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ INTRODUCTION ~ ------------ ~ X The Music Editor is a comprehensive& sophisticated utility program ~ that lets you write songs for your IIgs to play via Basic programs. ~ It gives you complete control over all the IIgs' Ensoniq synthesizer ~ chip's sound-handling capabilities& and the song files the Music ~ Editor lets you create can have features far beyond those from any ~ other IIgs music software. ~ ~ The IIgs can sound through as many as 30 digital oscillators--for ~ convenience& each oscillator can be thought of as providing a ~ "voice". (Of course& what each "voice" sounds like depends on the ~ nature of the electronic signal being sent to the digital oscillator. ~ SONIX's Waveform Editor takes care of that.) The Music Editor gives ~ you the ability to turn each "voice" (oscillator) on and off anywhere ~ in a song file& so you can write music that has only one "voice"& all ~ the way up to 30 "voices" (or instruments...or any sounds) simultan- ~ eously. But that's not all! ~ ~ You also can change the volume and tempo of a song anywhere in the ~ song& as well as changing the volumes of individual voices--at any ~ time. To be exact& the Music Editor gives you 1/64th note resolu- ~ tion in each measure of music that you write& over a song file span ~ of up to 128 measures. At any or all of these 64 separately defined ~ points in each measure of your song& you can set the volume and tempo ~ for all the voices& cause any or all of the voices to sound at differ- ~ ent volume levels& or silence any or all of the voices. ~ X ~ Let's go over that in a different way% In any song you write& you ~ can have& at any time& any number of voices from 1 to 30. Each song ~ file can be from 1 to 128 measures long& and in each measure& you can ~ control the sounding of any or all the voices at 64 places in the ~ measure. So& for a single song file& that's 30 voices X 64 notes per ~ measure X 128 measures = 245&760 individual events. PLUS...you can ~ set the volume and/or tempo each to 16 separate values at any of the ~ 8192 separate "note locations" in the song! But there's more....... ~ ~ Each voice can sound a note over a full 8-octave span--that's the ~ same 96-note range of a grand piano. Over that range& notes can go ~ from so low that they can't be heard to so high that your speaker(s) ~ and ears would have to be top-notch to handle them. And& each voice ~ can sound at any of 16 volume settings. ~ ~ Now& the "average" popular song is 32 measures long--usually 16 meas- ~ ures of the melody& then 8 measures of the "bridge"& followed by ~ another 8 measures of the melody (the refrain). Most popular songs ~ are just over 2 minutes long& so the Music Editor lets you write a ~ single song file that's 4 times as long--128 measures in 4/4 time& or ~ about 9 minutes' worth--with 30 voices and 1/64th note resolution. ~ That's a LOT of music! ~ ~ Don't let this description of the Music Editor sound too formidable. ~ It's just that your IIgs is a VERY capable sound-handling computer& ~ X and so any tool that gives you the degree of control you get from the ~ Music Editor will sound complicated. Actually& it's an easy matter ~ to begin with small songs with only a couple of voices& and then work ~ up in time to full capability. ~ ~ So What Software C-1 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ All right& enough "description". Let's get down to business and find ~ out how to use the Music Editor. ~ X ~ The Music Editor shows you a single measure (of the 128 possible for ~ a single song) on the screen at a time& all of the definable tempo ~ and volume settings for the measure& and it shows you all 64 of the ~ definable notes for any 6 of the 30 voices you can sound. Even ~ though we're showing only 1/128th of the measures and 6/30 of the ~ voices...or 1/640th of the detail you can put into a single song ~ file...the Music Editor screen is still pretty full. ~ ~ Here's a quick description of each of the features and controls& ~ followed by a more in-depth discussion of the uses of the more com- ~ plex ones. ~ ~ BAR# - Shows the bar (measure) being displayed (0-127). ~ ~ OSCILLATOR - 1 of 6 (of 30 total) available for note definition in ~ current screen; designated by hexadecimal value& 0-1E. ~ ~ UP - Click to display next bar. ~ ~ DOWN - Click to display previous bar. ~ ~ Ux10 - Click to go ahead 10 bars. ~ ~ Dx10 - Same& but goes back 10 bars. ~ X ~ TOP - Click to go to Bar #127 (the 128th bar). ~ ~ BOT - Click to go to Bar #0 (the 1st bar). ~ ~ SET DOC - Click to allow assignment of "voice" waveforms to the 30 ~ oscillators. (Detailed instructions follow.) ~ ~ SET DIS - Click to allow selection of which 6 oscillators will be ~ displayed on the screen at any one time. (Detailed ~ instructions follow.) ~ ~ LOAD - Click to allow selection of song file from disk to Music ~ Editor screen. (Default directory is /WAVE.LIB/MUSIC/.) ~ ~ EDIT - Click to enter Edit mode. (Detailed instructions follow.) ~ ~ SAVE - Click to allow designation of song file title and save it to ~ disk. (Default directory is /WAVE.LIB/MUSIC/.) ~ ~ COPY - Click to allow copying of music already entered in a song ~ file to another place in the same song. (Detailed instruc- ~ tions follow.) ~ ~ PREFIX - Click to allow setting of new pathname prefix for loading ~ and/or saving. Be sure to use all slashes ("/") in the ~ X pathname. ~ ~ ~ ~ So What Software C-2 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ ERASE - Click to define a portion of a song file to be deleted. ~ (Detailed instructions follow.) ~ X ~ CATALOG - Click to display contents of currently defined directory ~ (or subdirectory). ~ ~ PLAY - Click to select the Play options. (Detailed instructions ~ follow.) ~ ~ EXIT - Click to exit to SONIX's Main Menu screen. ~ ~ ~ MUSIC EDITOR SCREEN ~ ------------------- ~ For discussion at this point& let's assume that you're going to write ~ a new song from scratch. When you click the Music Editor selection ~ on SONIX's Main Menu screen& the Super Hi-Res graphics screen gives ~ way to an 80-column text screen. (We use the text screen to give ~ that last bit of resolution--hence& information--to you in one ~ glance.) The horizontal band at the top of the screen gives you a ~ set of "reminders" about how to type in your music notation. The 6 ~ oscillators being displayed (of the 30 available) are listed down the ~ left-hand side of the screen& and the 15 function selectors are ~ across the bottom of the screen. ~ ~ The majority of the screen is taken up by the index markers for the ~ notes and volume/tempo markers you'll be entering. There's a pair of ~ X lines of 64 "dashes" for each of the 6 oscillators; the upper line of ~ each pair is where notes& tempo flags& and volume flags themselves ~ are entered& and the lower of each line is where the octave of each ~ note or the tempo/volume value is entered. Also& there are 8 verti- ~ cal index marks& 8 64th notes apart& for each of the note lines... ~ so you can find quickly the place in the bar you want to put a note. ~ ~ ENTERING NOTES AND OCTAVES ~ -------------------------- ~ To enter notes& you click the Edit function selector at the bottom ~ of the screen--and the cursor becomes a highlighted " ^ " (caret) ~ that points up to the pair of dash line for an oscillator. We've ~ written the Music Editor code so that while the caret cursor is com- ~ pletely free to move horizontally& it "jumps" as you move the mouse ~ vertically. That way you're always on the right line for entering ~ notes...or for setting the tempo and volume. ~ ~ When you've clicked the Edit function and gotten the caret cursor& ~ you move it to the line of dashes for an oscillator& locate it at the ~ horizontal position where you wish a note to begin& and click. At ~ this point& the upper dash (at the horizontal position you decided ~ on) is highlighted& and you then enter the letter of the note you ~ want% A&B&C&D&E&F&or G. "A-HA!"& you say& "what about sharps and ~ flats?" (Or "incidentals"& as they're known to musicians.) ~ ~ The Music Editor handles incidentals by using upper case (capital) ~ X letters for the "natural" notes& and lower case for the incidentals& ~ the sharps and flats. AND...the Music Editor recognizes 3 sharps ~ (C-sharp& F-sharp and G-sharp) and 2 flats (B-flat and E-flat). This ~ ~ ~ So What Software C-3 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ covers all 12 of the semitones in a standard Western octave& and in ~ order& they would look like this on the Music Editor screen% ~ X ~ => C& c& D& e& E& F& f& G& g& A& b& B ~ ~ It's an easy thing to remember that A-sharp and B-flat& for instance& ~ are exactly the same note...so "b" is good for both. ~ ~ (In case you're wondering why we're not using a specific mark to indi- ~ cate sharp or flat& such as F+ for F-sharp or B- for B-flat& it's so ~ the Music Editor can let you define and see all 64 notes you may want ~ to enter for each oscillator in a single measure. Remember& we're ~ already using the 80-column text screen to show the most information ~ we can at one time. If each note needed 2 characters& a letter fol- ~ lowed by a plus or minus& then the screen would only be able to show ~ 40 notes at a time for each oscillator.) ~ ~ As soon as you've entered a letter for a note& the lower dash mark at ~ your current note position is highlighted so you can enter the octave ~ you want for the note. Remember& the Music Editor gives you 8 oc- ~ taves for every note& but computers insist on treating "0" as a num- ~ ber; the 8 octaves are thus numbered 0 - 7. Just type in a number ~ from 0 to 7 and press Return& and the inverted caret cursor returns ~ so you can enter another note. By the way& if you type in an "il- ~ legal" note letter--an"R"& maybe...or an "illegal" octave number... ~ 8 and 9 are the only single digits not allowed--the Music Editor will ~ wait glumly for you to come to your senses and type in an acceptable ~ X letter or number. ~ ~ With only 1 exception& when you enter a letter for a note& it's pre- ~ sumed by the Music Editor that you'll want the note to sound for the ~ rest of the current measure. You turn a note OFF by clicking at the ~ desired "turnoff" point and typing in an "X" or "x". The only excep- ~ tion is when the note is the last one (for a single oscillator) in ~ the bar. In this case& the note will be presumed to be a 64th note ~ UNLESS you type in an "X" after it where you want it to be turned off. ~ ~ A half note C-natural in the 4th octave& sounding via Oscillator 4 on ~ the 2nd beat of a 4/4 measure& would be entered in this sequence% ~ ~ - Click EDIT to get the caret cursor. ~ ~ - Move the cursor vertically to the note/octave line for Oscillator ~ 4 and click at the 2nd vertical index mark (the 17th 64th note ~ position). ~ ~ - Type in a "C" (the capital letter)& then type in a 3 (because the ~ 1st octave is "0"& and we want the 4th octave). ~ ~ - Click at the position just before 4th vertical index mark and ~ type in an "X" or "x". ~ ~ Remember& though& the notes you're telling the Music Editor to play ~ X can't sound any longer than you set up when you created them with the ~ Waveform Editor. That is& you can't create a short-sounding "voice" ~ waveform (say& a single piano note) and expect the Music Editor to ~ sound it constantly for a whole song. The general rule of thumb is ~ ~ So What Software C-4 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ===================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ that a single note can be sounded for about 2 whole notes maximum or ~ for the length of the waveform--whichever is SHORTER. (That's why ~ X you'll want to Extract really short waveforms in "Free Run" mode--to ~ give them extra length. See p. B-7 of the Waveform Editor instruc- ~ tions for a discussion.) ~ ~ You can get out of the Edit mode and be ready to select one of the ~ other functions available at the bottom of the Music Editor screen ~ very simply% just click the mouse and then press Return. ~ ~ SETTING VOLUME AND TEMPO ~ ------------------------ ~ ~ Setting tempo and volume is very similar to entering notes. The ~ Music Editor looks for tempo and volume settings BEFORE each note ~ that it sounds& so all you have to do for tempo and Master Volume is ~ click the mouse at a horizontal position (for ANY of the 6 oscilla- ~ tors being shown) before the note position you want to start the new ~ tempo and Master Volume& type in a T (for tempo) and then a value of ~ 0 - F (where 0 is slowest and F is fastest)& or type in an M (for ~ Master Volume) and then a value of 0 - F (where 0 is softest and F is ~ loudest). The Music Editor will change tempo or volume at that point ~ in the song immediately for that following note and any others al- ~ ready sounding at the time. ("0 - F"?? Computer convention calls for ~ hexadecimal notation& so the values A - F correspond to 10 - 15.) ~ ~ To set volume for a single oscillator& you use the same procedure& ~ X except& of course& you have to click on the horizontal line control- ~ ling the oscillator you're interested in. Click anywhere before the ~ next note you want to have a different volume& type in a V& and type ~ in a value of 0 - F. This volume will affect ONLY the oscillator ~ whose line you've entered it on. ~ ~ The relation between Master Volume and single Oscillator Volume is ~ this% Master Volume defines the loudest the music can be--for ALL ~ oscillators. Single Oscillator Volume defines how much of that maxi- ~ mum "loudness" an oscillator can use. So& a Master Volume of 6 and a ~ single Oscillator Volume of F for Oscillator 2& say& means that Oscil- ~ lator 2 will sound at volume level 6. (That is& the maximum of the ~ Master Volume setting for this example& 6.) If you set Oscillator ~ 2's volume to 8& though& it will only be able to sound 1/2 the level ~ of the Master Volume setting. So& Oscillator 2 will sound at volume ~ level 3 (that is& 1/2 of 6)& while other oscillators will be free to ~ sound at the Master Volume level (which we set at 6). ~ ~ You can "increment" or "decrement" tempo& Master Volume& and Oscilla- ~ tor Volume by 1 by clicking and typing in a ">" to increment or a "<" ~ to decrement. This is very convenient for gradual tempo and volume ~ changes& and it obviates the need to go back in a song to find the ~ last tempo or volume entry. ~ ~ The Music Editor presumes that you want whatever volume and tempo ~ settings you've entered to be constant for the rest of the song& so ~ X you only have to enter them when you want to CHANGE something. ~ ~ ~ ~ So What Software C-5 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ To re-edit note& tempo& or volume entries you've made& put the cursor ~ at the point just below where you want to make a change and click. ~ X Now you can either enter new data (maybe change a note or an octave) ~ by typing in what you want& or you can "erase" an entry by typing a ~ single hyphen& "-". This is the way to start a "rest"& too. ~ ~ Another very convenient editing feature is the "Z" command. Clicking ~ at a point on an oscillator's line and typing in a "Z" will set that ~ oscillator's volume to 0 for the rest of the song& no matter what ~ notation comes afterward. This provides an easy way to "shut off" 1 ~ or more voices when you want to concentrate on only a few oscillato- ~ tors. Note& though& that "Z" commands are ERASED when a song file ~ is saved to disk. If you want to make a permanent change to shut an ~ oscillator off& be sure to set all its Oscillator Volume values to 0 ~ at and after the point you want it silenced. ~ ~ The last notation option is the setting of an oscillator's "Multi- ~ plexer Channel". We've already noted that SONIX supports all 30 of ~ the IIgs' available oscillators& but now you should know that you can ~ identify as many as 8 separate channels for each of the oscillators. ~ OK& we expect that almost every SONIX user will stop at "stereo" (ie& ~ 2 channels)& but if your system has the ability to use 4 separate ~ channels (or 3..or 8..or..)& you can set that up. ~ ~ To set the Multiplexer Channel for an oscillator& click at a point on ~ the oscillator's line and type in an "N"& followed by a value from 0 ~ to 7. The default setting is 0& so if you don't do anything at all& ~ X you'll get monophonic sound. Stereo is simple% click& type "N"& and ~ type 0 for left channel or 1 for right channel. Do keep in mind& ~ though& that the IIgs's sound output jack on the back panel of the ~ computer is only a monophonic sound source. To get true stereophonic ~ sound& you'll need to install a "stereo card"& such as Applied Ingen- ~ uity's G-Stereo card or MDIdeas' SuperSonic card. ~ ~ When you're ready to stop editing (that is& typing in notes& setting ~ volumes& and such) and want to be able to select one of the options ~ at the bottom of the Music Editor screen& put the cursor anywhere in ~ the screen& click once& and press Return...WITHOUT pressing any other ~ keys. You'll get the inverse block cursor back& ready for you to ~ highlight another choice. ~ ~ If& by chance& you find some keystroke combination that causes you to ~ "lose control" of the Music Editor while you've got a whole bunch of ~ music written in...but NOT saved...we've got some good news! You can ~ get back into the Music Editor simply by pressing Control and Reset ~ simultaneously (which gets you the Applesoft "]" prompt)& then typing ~ in RUN and pressing Return. All your music data will be OK (the ~ notes& volumes& etc)& but you will have to reassign the waveforms to ~ each of the oscillators. Luckily& this is a simple task; it's all ~ explained in the section titled Setting Oscillators and Waveforms. ~ ~ ~ ~ X ~ ~ ~ ~ So What Software C-6 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ COPYING AND ERASING MUSIC DATA ~ ------------------------------ ~ X It's a rare song that doesn't have some "repetition" in it somewhere. ~ Sometimes a phrase (a sequence of bars) is sounded again by a single ~ voice& and it's also very common for a whole section of a song to be ~ repeated--for instance& a second or third verse. The Music Editor ~ gives you a simple& flexible way to copy any bar or bars of a song. ~ ~ When you click the COPY entry at the bottom of the Music Editor ~ screen& an inset screen appears with From/To Oscillator& From/To Bar& ~ and Length entries. The Copy Editor thinks of a song as being made up ~ of bars with notes sounded by each voice (oscillator). If a series of ~ bars is to be repeated by a DIFFERENT oscillator than sounded them or- ~ iginally& type in the number (in decimal form) of the "donor" oscilla- ~ tor at the From entry. Then& type in the number of the oscillator ~ that's to do the repeating. If it's a case of repeating a phrase by ~ the SAME oscillator& use the same oscillator number& of course. The ~ From Bar and To Bar entries specify the STARTING point of the music to ~ be copied and the STARTING point where the repetition begins; type in ~ the decimal numbers of the bars you wish for these 2 choices. Length ~ defines how many bars are to be copied; type in its decimal value. ~ ~ For instance& to copy the 8 bars of Oscillator 2's music that begin ~ at Bar 15 so they'll be repeated by Oscillator 5 beginning at Bar 19& ~ you'd type in 2 for From Oscillator and press Return& type 5 for To ~ Oscillator (press Return)& 15 for From Bar (Return)& 19 for To Bar ~ (Return)& and 8 for Length (Return). After the Length is entered& ~ X you'll be asked if it's OK to make the copy. If it is& press the "Y" ~ key; if not& press any other key to stop the copy process. By the ~ way& you can copy portions of a song between oscillators that aren't ~ displayed on the screen simultaneously& but if you haven't defined a ~ "voice" for an oscillator& it'll be to no avail. (See the next 2 ~ sections for discussion of this.) ~ ~ If what you need to do is to copy ALL the music (that is& the notes ~ being sounded by all the oscillators) from one location in a song to ~ another& just type in an "A" or an "a" (for "All") when the Copy inset ~ screen asks for a From Oscillator number. This automatically selects ~ "All" for the To Oscillator entry& so just press Return. Then& enter ~ From Bar& To Bar& and Length numbers (followed by Returns) to complete ~ the setup. Press "Y" when you're ready to copy. ~ ~ Erasing a part of a song is really easy--it's one of the few times ~ when undoing mistakes is easier than making them! Clicking the ERASE ~ option yields a 3-entry inset screen& on which you type in the oscil- ~ lator (or "A" or "a" for ALL oscillators)& beginning bar& and length ~ of the part to be taken out. As with the COPY option& follow each ~ entry with a single Return press. You'll be asked if it's OK to make ~ the erasure& so think carefully about it and press "Y" when you're ~ sure. Press any other key if you get cold feet. ~ ~ ~ SELECTING OSCILLATORS FOR DISPLAY ~ X --------------------------------- ~ Recall in the introduction to this discussion of the Music Editor ~ that it was pointed out how much control the Music Editor gives you ~ over the music you write. (It's MUCH greater control than any other ~ ~ So What Software C-7 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ currently available Apple IIgs music composition application program ~ we've ever seen or heard of--and as well& only SONIX lets you play ~ X your music via a Basic program!) Now& since your IIgs can sound 30 ~ oscillators& but the Music Editor's screen only shows 6 at a time to ~ keep from crowding the screen too much& we've provided a slick feature ~ to let you see any 6 of the 30 oscillators at a time. ~ ~ Click the SET DIS function at the bottom of the screen& and you'll ~ get a screen inviting you to select an oscillator for "Position 1". ~ Position 1 is where the topmost of the 6 oscillators that are on the ~ Music Editor screen appears& so all you do is enter a number from 0 ~ to 29 to tell the Music Editor which oscillator to show on top of the ~ stack. When you enter a number--or press Return without entering a ~ number--the next position down is available for your choice. Pressing ~ Return without entering a number leaves the oscillator in that posi- ~ tion alone. ~ ~ A quick example% Let's say that the oscillators indicated from top ~ to bottom are 00& 01& 02& 03& 04& and 05 (the "default" values)& but ~ you want to write in notes to be sounded by Oscillators 7& 9& 15& 18& ~ 5& and 29--in that exact order. Here's how you go about it% ~ ~ - Click the SET DIS function. ~ ~ - When the first oscillator selection window appears& type in 7 and ~ press Return. ~ ~ X - When the next window appears& enter 9 and press Return. ~ ~ - Do the same for the next 2 oscillators& entering 15 and 18. ~ ~ - For the 5th one& you can either enter 5 and press Return& or just ~ press Return& since Oscillator 05 was already selected. ~ ~ ~ - Enter 29 and press return to take care of the 6th oscillator. ~ ~ After you enter your choice for the 6th oscillator& you're returned ~ to the regular Music Editor screen& and on the left-hand side of the ~ screen you see.....WHAT?!! 07& 09& 0F& 12& 05& and 1E!! What gives? ~ ~ All is under control and proper. The Music Editor uses hexadecimal ~ format to identify oscillators because the Apple IIgs-internal calcu- ~ lation subroutines we need to use to identify oscillators give output ~ in hexadecimal only. To "recaculate" the oscillator numbers in deci- ~ mal form would add extra code and slow the overall Music Editor opera- ~ tion down. You'll soon have no problem recognizing the hex values; ~ it's second nature to almost every IIgs user. ~ ~ SETTING OSCILLATORS AND WAVEFORMS ~ --------------------------------- ~ Typing in notes and volumes is all well and good& but until you tell ~ your IIgs what voice(s) to use& all it can do is "hum"...so to speak. ~ When you highlight and click the SET DOC option at the bottom of the ~ X Music Editor screen& a new screen appears& with listings of the 30 ~ oscillators available& a line of 15 hyphens and a "00 0100" entry for ~ each& and headings at the bottom for Source Prefix& Sound RAM Used& ~ Sound RAM Unused& Edit& and Exit. ~ ~ So What Software C-8 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ ~ By now& you're probably "in tune" with some of our So What Software ~ X program architecture& so it's necessary only to mention that high- ~ lighting and clicking Exit will get you back to the Music Editor ~ screen. Clicking Edit lets you edit& of course& but edit what? ~ The function of the SET DOC (by the way& the acronym DOC stands for ~ Digital Oscillator Control) routine is to tell the Music Editor what ~ waveform file it should use for each of the 30 oscillators...and ~ where to find them. Recall that you create waveform files with ~ SONIX's Waveform Editor and then save them to disk with the ".SWF" ~ suffix. So& since all your waveforms are on disk somewhere& you need ~ to tell the Music Editor what their names are and what disk they're ~ on. The Music Editor then lumps that information in with all the ~ notes and volumes and tempo settings& and when you use the Save op- ~ tion& the song file you save has EVERYTHING it needs to be able to be ~ loaded and played at some other time. ~ ~ To get started& highlight and click the Edit option--you'll get an ~ inverse arrow cursor that you can put on any oscillator's line. When ~ you do that and click once more& the first of the 15 hyphens to the ~ right of the oscillator is highlighted. All you do now is type in ~ the filename of the waveform you want this oscillator to use...but ~ just the filename itself (yes& with the ".SWF" suffix)& not the full ~ pathname; that comes a little later. When the waveform filename is ~ typed in& press Return& and the inverse arrow cursor returns for ~ specifying another oscillator's "voice". (If you change your mind ~ and want to "undo" a waveform filename entry for a certain oscilla- ~ X tor& just highlight the oscillator's position& enter a single hyphen& ~ and press Return. This will erase any filename entered for that ~ oscillator.) ~ ~ When you've entered waveform filenames for all the oscillators you ~ plan to use for the current song& move the cursor to highlight the ~ Source Prefix option and click. The highlight will indicate where to ~ type in the disk directory for the waveforms you've selected. We ~ designed SONIX to be usable by those with "minimal" IIgs peripheral ~ equipment& so it's presumed that you have only 1 disk drive available ~ to hold waveform files. As a result& you can enter the name of only ~ one directory--so& just make sure that all the waveform files you ~ want for a specific song are on the same disk. ~ ~ The /WAVE.LIB disk that came in the SONIX package has 20 waveform ~ files on it (you can catalog the disk to see them all)& in this gen- ~ eral format% /WAVE.LIB/WAVE/PIANO.SWF. Each of the waveform filenames ~ is an "instrument" name with the ".SWF" suffix. The Source Prefix& ~ then& for waveform files on this disk is "/WAVE.LIB/WAVE/". Note that ~ the Source Prefix includes everything up to the filename itself& IN- ~ CLUDING the last "slash". Should you forget to enter the last ~ "slash"& SONIX will give you a rather pointed reminder! ~ ~ Press Return when you're finished typing in the Source Prefix. ~ ~ As another example& though& suppose that you've got a waveform file ~ X named "MY.VOICE.SWF" on a disk named "/SOUNDS"& and in a subdirectory ~ named "VOICES". You'd type in the filename itself& "MY.VOICE.SWF" ~ for a single oscillator& and you'd type in "/SOUNDS/VOICES/" to the ~ right of the Source Prefix notation. ~ ~ So What Software C-9 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ "OK"& you say& "so what's the meaning of the other stuff on the ~ screen?" ~ ~ X The "00 0100" entries to the right of each oscillator will (probably) ~ change as soon as your waveforms are loaded from disk. The first 2 ~ digits will be the number (in hexadecimal notation) of the location in ~ the 64K-byte Sound RAM that the waveform is occupying in your IIgs& ~ expressed in hexadecimal as multiples of 256 bytes. The last 4 dig- ~ its will be the length of the waveform file; again& in hexadecimal. ~ As an example& the 32&768-byte waveform "PIANO.SWF" selected for ~ Oscillator 01 would be followed by "00 8000"& because it grabs the ~ first half Sound RAM and the 32&768-byte waveform file length is the ~ equivalent to 8000 in hexadecimal. The 4096-byte waveform "SNARE.SWF" ~ selected for Oscillator 03 would be followed by "80 1000" because it ~ would have to begin in the second "half" of the Sound RAM (since ~ PIANO.SWF is using ALL of the first half and 80 in hexadecimal ~ denotes the first 256-byte segment of the second half of the Sound ~ RAM) and the 4096-byte file length is 1000 in hexadecimal. ~ ~ Keep in mind that the IIgs' Sound RAM is only 64K bytes in size& and ~ that 64K has got to hold all the waveforms you plan to use for an ~ individual song. For instance& you'll only be able to use 2 separate ~ 32K waveforms at a time. BUT...that doesn't mean you can only have 2 ~ oscillators sounding 32K waveforms. Once a waveform is loaded into ~ the Sound RAM& it can be accessed by any of the 30 oscillators...even ~ all 30 of them simultaneously. So& if you want to write a 30-piano ~ piece& you can& or you can have 15 pianos and 15 trumpets. Remember ~ X that the more DIFFERENT waveforms you want to use& the smaller ~ they'll have to be...so that their total is no more than 64K bytes. ~ ~ We don't expect you to do all the hexadecimal addition to check on ~ the amount of Sound RAM you're using--that's the job of the Sound RAM ~ Used and Sound RAM Unused blocks at the lower left of the screen. As ~ you call for waveforms& these 2 values will change to show you where ~ you stand. The MOST you'll be able to use is "FFFF" (hexadecimal); ~ the most unused will actually be 10000 (hexadecimal)& but the Sound ~ RAM Unused window won't show the leading "1"...you'll see only the ~ "0000". If you get carried away with waveforms& by the way& you'll ~ get a firm reminder from SONIX's error message generator! ~ ~ When you're all finished defining oscillator waveforms& put the cur- ~ sor anywhere on the screen& click once and press Return& then high- ~ light and click Exit. All the waveform files will be loaded from ~ disk (you'll hear each one sound)& the message "Processing changes... ~ stand by" will appear& and the SET DOC screen will be updated to re- ~ flect the waveform file lengths and your usage of the Sound RAM. If ~ you're satisfied and want to get back to the Music Editor& highlight ~ Exit (again) and click. ~ ~ LOADING A SONG ~ -------------- ~ Highlight and click this option to load a SONIX-configured song file ~ --that is& one with a ".SMF" suffix--from disk. The Music Editor ~ X will set about loading all the appropriate waveform files& so be sure ~ you have the disk they're on in an accessible disk drive..forget& and ~ you'll get an error message! The Music Editor's "default" pathname ~ ~ ~ So What Software C-10 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ~ ~ ====================================================================== ~ MUSIC EDITOR INSTRUCTIONS SONIX for the Apple IIgs ~ ====================================================================== ~ ~ prefix for loading is /WAVE.LIB/MUSIC/; if you're using some other ~ pathname& click the Prefix option& change the pathname prefix& and ~ then come back to the Load option. As soon as your song file is load- ~ X ed& you can edit it or play it& as you see fit. ~ ~ SAVING A SONG ~ ------------- ~ Saving a song file is straightforward. The Music Editor's default ~ pathname prefix is /WAVE.LIB/MUSIC/& so if that's the name of the ~ disk you want to save your song file to& just make sure the disk is ~ in an accessible drive& highlight SAVE& type in the filename of your ~ choice--with the ".SMF" suffix& please--and click. To save under a ~ different pathname prefix& highlight and click PREFIX& type in the new ~ prefix& and then go through the steps for saving. ~ ~ PLAYING A SONG ~ -------------- ~ Highlight PLAY and click....you'll see a graphic of a metronome at ~ the upper center& flanked by a bar (or measure) counter on the left ~ and a tempo indicator on the right. Below are 6 options% Play& ~ Resume& Stop& Step& Zip& and Edit. Here's what they're for...... ~ ~ The bar counter lets you know what bar is playing as you hear the ~ music. Its limits are from 0 to 127& and it correlates with the bars ~ you type music on in the Music Editor. ~ ~ The tempo indicator gives the actual quarter note timing that you ~ X selected by typing in a T and a value of 0 - F in the Music Editor. ~ For instance& the notation of a quarter note = 60 means that the ~ tempo at that point in your song is 60 beats per minute (1 quarter ~ note per second). ~ ~ The 6 options below the metronome are selected by typing in the let- ~ ter in parentheses before the option. ~ ~ (P) Play - Press P to start playing the current song from the first ~ bar& Bar 0. Pressing P ALWAYS starts the song from Bar 0. ~ ~ (R) Resume - Press R to start the song from where you stopped it. ~ ~ (S) Stop - Press S to stop the song in its tracks. ~ ~ (X) Step - Press X once to hear whatever is written at the current ~ 64th note "tick"--it may be silence& so if you don't hear any- ~ thing& press again until you do. Press and HOLD X to start the ~ song playing from its current bar. The song plays at slow speed ~ and stops as soon as you release the X key. ~ ~ (Z) Zip - Press Z for super-fast play of the song and type in the ~ measure you want to Zip to. Zip sets the tempo temporarily to ~ 900 quarter notes per minute& or nearly four 4/4 bars per ~ second. You won't hear anything very musical while the song is ~ Zip-ing& because of the speed; it'll sound a lot like an audio ~ X tape deck in fast forward. Press R to Resume play of the song ~ when the Zip is finished. ~ ~ (E) Press E to get back to the Music Editor screen. ~ ~ So What Software C-11 1-JUN-88 ~ ~ ENDFILE