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GS WorldView: November MIM
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PDF File Text Xtraction and Conversion

Have you ever wished you could extract the text from an Adobe Acrobat (PDF file)
document to use on your IIgs or other Apple II model? Well, you can't do it
all from your IIgs yet. You need a Mac. But, it's not too hard to do. You can
even export and save the graphics of PDF files and convert them to a graphic
format the IIgs can view also. Currently, all it takes is a few user friendly
multiple steps with the conversion of text and graphics on a Mac using a few
'easy-to-obtain' freeware and shareware applications. I've done it with the
PDF file in this folder as a text extraction and conversion, that you can read
without any problems from a multitude of IIgs text reading programs, NDA's, etc.
See the Example (of very raw output) below:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To order your own copy of Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer,
Inc.

Please visit:

http://www.netcom.com/~owenink/confidential.html

Thanks to a never-ending campaign by Apple¹s powerful public relations machine to
protect the myths surrounding the company¹s origin, almost everyone believes that
Apple was started in a garage by ³the two Steves,² Stephen Gary Wozniak, 25, and
Steven Paul Jobs, 21. Actually, the operation began in a bedroom at 11161 Crist
Drive in Los Altos (the house number changed to 2066 when the land was annexed
from the county to the city in late 1983), where JobsÑafter having dropped out of
Reed College in Portland, OregonÑwas living with his adoptive parents, Paul R. (a
machinist at Spectra Physics) and Clara (a payroll clerk at Varian).

That mere semantic distinction can be forgiven. When the bedroom became too
crowded, the operation did indeed move to the garage. When they adopted Steve
(born February 24, 1955), Paul and Clara Jobs lived at 1758 45th Avenue in San
Francisco¹s Sunset district. After five months, the family moved to South San
Francisco and then Mountain View before settling in Los Altos. It wasn¹t until
Steve was in his 30s that he met his birth mother. At that time he also learned
he had a half-sister, writer Mona Simpson, who subsequently used Steve as a model
for the main character in one of her recent books, A Regular Guy. Apple started
life in ³the garage² of Steve Jobs¹ parents on Crist Drive in Los Altos,
California (inset: the exterior of the house as it is today). After moving out of
Jobs¹ garage, Apple Computer rented suite B3 at 20833 Stevens Creek Boulevard in
Cupertino, then built 10260 Bandley Drive, which became known as Bandley One when
occupied on January 28, 1978.

The bigger story here is that the two Steves weren¹t alone in forming Apple. Just
as Soviet propagandists doctored photos to remove party members who had fallen
out of favor, Apple suffers from a convenient case of institutional amnesia by
routinely ignoring the fact that when Apple was originally founded as a
partnership on April Fools¹ Day 1976, there were three founders: Woz, Jobs, and a
fellow by the name of Ronald Gerald Wayne, 41.

Jobs was freelancing at Atari in the early 1970s when founder Nolan Kay Bushnell
hired Wayne as chief draftsman (badge #395) for the video game maker. Despite the
difference in their ages, Jobs and Wayne became casual friends and would often
have philosophical discussions on the ethics of making money. Desiring a
tie-breaker in any potential conflicts with Woz, Jobs enticed Wayne to become a
partner in Apple by offering him 10 percent interest in the company.

³Either I was going to be bankrupt or the richest man in the cemetery,² Wayne
recalls thinking. Since Apple was far from a sure thing, Wayne retained his day
job at Atari and worked nights on the original Apple logo and documentation for
the Apple I. Meanwhile, Jobs was hustling up customers. At a Homebrew Computer
Club meeting (the club met monthly at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
auditorium in Palo Alto), Jobs gave a demonstration of the Apple I to Paul Jay
Terrell, who operated the Byte ShopÑarguably the first retail computer store
chain in the country, which opened its doors on December 8, 1975 (Terrell¹s
birthday). Terrell was intrigued and asked Jobs to keep in touch.

The next day, a barefooted Jobs dropped in on Terrell at his store in Mountain
View and exclaimed, ³I¹m keeping in touch.² To Jobs¹ utter amazement, Terrell
agreed to buy 50 computers for $500 each, cash on delivery. There was only one
catch to the $25,000 order: Terrell wanted fully assembled computers.

When Apple was founded, Steve Wozniak lived at 1618 Edmonton Ave. in Sunnyvale
and Ron Wayne lived at 1900 California St. in Mountain View. Courtesy of Ron
Wayne Ronald Gerald Wayne, Apple¹s forgotten founder, seen here in a passport
photo from 1975 (imprint of USA Department of State seal still evident). The
original Apple I (shown here in a custom-built wooden case) was little more than
a circuit board to which customers were expected to add a case, power supply,
monitor, and keyboard.

The trio had originally planned to produce bare circuit boards for $25 each and
sell them for $50 to hobbyists who would populate them with the necessary chips
and other parts. They didn¹t have the money necessary to buy all of the parts
required to build 50 complete computers, but Jobs was undaunted. On April 6, he
obtained a three-month $5,000 loan from Elmer and Allen J. Baum (one of Woz¹s
co-workers at Hewlett-Packard), then convinced suppliers to extend 30 days¹
credit on $15,000 worth of parts.

The young, ambitious Jobs had no qualms about going into debt to fulfill the Byte
Shop order, but the seasoned Wayne was anxious. He wasn¹t convinced Terrell would
pay for the computers, and the partnership agreement meant that he had unlimited
personal liability for any debts incurred by Apple. Just four years prior, Wayne
underwent the emotionally painful experience of folding Siand, his own Las
Vegas-based engineering firm. Wayne didn¹t want to risk another financial
failure, so on April 12Ñless than two weeks after Apple¹s foundingÑhe renounced
his 10 percent interest for a one-time payment of $800. ³I had already learned
what gave me indigestion,² explained Wayne years later. ³If Apple had failed, I
would have had bruises on top of bruises. Steve Jobs was an absolute whirlwind
and I had lost the energy you need to ride whirlwinds.²

Freed from the financial liabilities of the partnership agreement, Wayne spent
his free time consulting on projects such as designing an enclosure for the Apple
I. Meanwhile, Woz and Jobs got part-time assembly help from Bill Fernandez, who
had originally introduced Jobs to Woz in 1968, as well as from Daniel G. Kottke,
who had met Jobs at Reed College and had made a spiritual journey to India with
him in 1974.

³[The Byte Shop order] was the biggest single episode in the company¹s history.
Nothing in subsequent years was so great and so unexpected. It was not what we
had intended to do.² Steve Wozniak

The Byte Shop at 1063 El Camino Real West in Mountain View, California, was the
first retail computer store chain in the world and Apple¹s first big customer.
³Steve Wozniak looks like a Steiff Teddy bear on a maintenance dose of
marshmallows.² Time reporter Jay Cocks

Steve Wozniak (left) and Steve Jobs, showing off the Apple I motherboard that
started it all.

4 To order your own copy of Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer,
Inc. The Forgotten Founder © 1999 by Owen W. Linzmayer (OWL@Bigfoot.com) Everyone
worked furiously to build the computers by hand. Terrell was a bit dismayed when
Jobs showed up on the 29th day to deliver a batch of motherboards stuffed with
components. When Terrell asked for ³fully assembled² computers, he meant the
whole works: a case, power supply, monitor, and keyboard. Nonetheless, Terrell
kept his word and handed over the cash, allowing Apple to pay off its parts
suppliers in the nick of time. Jobs was excited. Apple had made roughly $8,000
profit, and he was planning to expand the business by going farther into debt
with parts suppliers to build even more computers. Jobs¹ ambitious plans required
more money than the Apple I orders were generating, so in August 1976, he
approached his old Atari boss, Nolan Bushnell, who recommended he meet with Don
Valentine of the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital. At the time, Valentine
wasn¹t interested, but he in turn referred Jobs to Armas Clifford ³Mike² Markkula
Jr., 34, who had retired a year prior after making a small fortune on his stock
options at chipmakers Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel. In November 1976,
Markkula came out of retirement to help Jobs devise a business plan. With the
Apple I computer boards being sold through just ten retail stores in the U.S.,
Markkula boldly set a goal for sales to grow to $500 million in ten years.
Recognizing a chance to hitch a ride on a rocket that was about to take off,
Markkula invested $92,000 of his own money and secured a $250,000 line of credit
at Bank of America. Now properly funded, the three of them filed for
incorporation of Apple Computer on January 3, 1977. To avoid any possible legal
complications, in March the corporation purchased the partnership for $5,308.96
and Wayne was sent a check for a third of that amount to make certain he would
have no future claim against the company. Wayne, who had walked away voluntarily
for $800 less than a year ago, was thrilled to receive this unexpected windfall.
Paul Terrell went on to found Romox, Software Emporium, and Sorcerer Computer.
³Why did you send me this renegade from the human race?² Venture capitalist Don
Valentine, complaining about Jobs, then just a kid with ripped jeans and bare
feet Jobs set the list price of the original 4K Apple I at $666.66 by doubling
the cost of manufacturing, allowing dealers a 33.3 percent markup on the
wholesale price of $500. Fundamentalist Christians were quick to complain that
666 was the ³mark of the beast.² Jobs blew these people off with a concocted
story about how he had taken 7 (the mystical number seven), subtracted one
(another mystical number), and arrived at a perfectly innocent price. Actually,
Jobs wanted to charge $777, but Woz insisted that was too much. Markkula wrote
several early software programs for the Apple II and freely distributed them
under the alias Johnny Appleseed. Courtesy of Michael Swaine Armas Clifford
³Mike² Markkula Jr. stepped in when Ron Wayne bailed out of Apple.

please visit http://www.netcom.com/~owenink/confidential.html 5 The Forgotten
Founder © 1999 by Owen W. Linzmayer (OWL@Bigfoot.com) Reflecting on the
situation, Woz understands Wayne¹s decision to bail out early. ³Steve had no
money. I had no money, and the creditors were going to wind up coming to him for
the money that was going to be owed. So he decided it was better to get out of
it. At the time it was the right decision.² To someone who was there to witness
the events firsthand, it may have made sense, but in retrospect, it¹s hard for an
outsider to see Wayne¹s decision as anything but a mistake of colossal
proportions. Granted, Wayne would surely have had to give up some of his interest
in Apple as the firm grew. If Jobs¹ initial 45 percent stake in Apple translated
into 7.5 million shares when the company went public in 1980, it¹s reasonable to
assume that Wayne¹s 10 percent would have equalled more than 1.6 million shares.
Following a two-for-one stock split on May 15, 1987, such a holding would have
been worth approximately $244 million (not including dividends) when the stock
peaked at $73.25 on April 12, 1991, and would still be worth over $42.5 million
at $12.75 per share, the lowest price since then. Does Wayne ever regret
relinquishing his supporting role in one of the greatest American business
success stories ever told? Amazingly enough, 20 years later Wayne convincingly
stated, ³I have never had the slightest pangs of regret, because I made the best
decision with the information available to me at the time. My contribution was
not so great that I felt I had been diddled with in any way.² A person of lesser
character might be paralyzed with bitterness and self-doubt after walking away
from such fame and fortune, but not Ron Wayne. He put it behind him and got on
with his life. Although Jobs tried over the years to convince Ron to return to
Apple as an employee, Wayne continued working at Atari until 1978, at which point
he took a job at Lawrence Livermore Labs. In 1980, Wayne opened a small store on
Dempsey Street in Milpitas. Dealing in stamps, coins, and other collectibles,
Wayne¹s Philatelics became so successful in just two months that he quit his job
at Lawrence Livermore Labs. Following the collapse of the stamp market and two
break-ins, Wayne closed the store in 1982 but continued operating the business
out of his home. After a brief stint working on documentation and drafting for
Scientific Technology Systems, in 1985 Wayne took a job working on slot machines
at Thor Electronics of California. The Salinas-based manufacturer subsequently
shifted its focus from slot machines to military electronics. On August 1, 1998,
Ron Wayne formally retired as chief engineer of Thor. He now runs an
Internet-based stamp and coin business (http://www.thestampman.com) from his home
in Tucson, Arizona. Woz and Jobs¹ first commercial venture was peddling illegal
³blue boxes² designed by Woz based on information contained in the October 1971
issue of Esquire. These hand-held electronic circuits allowed phone calls to be
made free of charge by emulating signals used by the phone company. Jobs supplied
$40 in parts and sold the boxes door-to-door in UC Berkeley dorm rooms for $150,
splitting the profits with Woz. In keeping with the spirit of ³phone phreaking,²
Woz assumed the name Berkeley Blue and Jobs, Oaf Tobark. During one
demonstration, Woz called the Vatican posing as Henry Kissinger and asked to
speak to the pope. Informed that the pope was sleeping but would be awakened, Woz
lost his nerve and hung up. Who would have dreamed that these two would go from
making pontifical prank calls to actually meeting world leaders? But that¹s
exactly what happened. In February 1985, Woz and Jobs received the National
Technology Medal from President Reagan at the White House. On May 19, 1993, Woz
presented a PowerBook to Poland¹s President Lech Walesa, the former leader of the
Solidarity movement. During the Clinton administration, Jobs slept in the White
House¹s Lincoln Bedroom after making a $100,000 donation to the Democratic
National Committee. Woz met his first girlfriend through a popular Dial-a-Joke
operation he was running from a bank of phones in his apartment. Normally his
answering machine played a Polish joke that he had recorded earlier, but Woz
happened to be home when Alice Robertson called, so he picked up the phone,
identifying himself as Stanley Zeber Zenskanitsky. The two hit it off and were
married soon after their playful start.

6 To order your own copy of Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer,
Inc. The Forgotten Founder © 1999 by Owen W. Linzmayer (OWL@Bigfoot.com) ³One of
the deep mysteries to me is our logo, the symbol of lust and knowledge, bitten
into, all crossed with the colors of the rainbow in the wrong order. You couldn¹t
dream of a more appropriate logo: lust, knowledge, hope, and anarchy.² President
of Apple Products Jean-Louis Gassée The Apple Logo One of Ron Wayne¹s first
duties after co-founding Apple was to design a logo for the infant company. The
logo he created was a pen-and-ink drawing of Sir Isaac Newton leaning against an
apple tree with a portion of a William Wordsworth poem (Prelude, Book III,
Residence of Cambridge) running around the border: ³Newton É A mind forever
voyaging through strange seas of thought É alone.² Wayne¹s logo was used for a
short time, but Jobs eventually came to feel that it was too cerebral and not
easily reproduced at small sizes, so in April 1977, he instructed Rob Janov, an
art director at the Regis McKenna public relations agency, to come up with a
better logo. Janov started with a black and white silhouette of an apple, but
felt something was missing. ³I wanted to simplify the shape of an apple, and by
taking a biteÑa byte, right?Ñout of the side, it prevented the apple from looking
like a cherry tomato,² explains Janov. For a touch of class, Janov added six
colorful, horizontal stripes that paid tribute to the Apple II¹s impressive color
capabilities. Although separating the green, yellow, orange, red, purple, and
blue bars with thin black lines would have reduced registration problems during
reproduction, Jobs nixed the proposal, resulting in the Apple logo as we know it
today, which former president Michael M. Scott calls ³the most expensive bloody
logo ever designed.² In late 1997, interim CEO Jobs decided that future products
would be adorned with solid-colored Apple logos. The first Mac to receive this
treatment was the revised PowerBook G3 introduced on May 6, 1998. It featured a
large, solid ³crystal white² Apple logo on its lid. Apple¹s original logo was
designed by Ron Wayne.

Page 6

³One of the deep mysteries to me is our logo, the symbol of lust and knowledge,
bitten into, all crossed with the colors of the rainbow in the wrong order. You
couldn¹t dream of a more appropriate logo: lust, knowledge, hope, and anarchy.²
President of Apple Products Jean-Louis Gassée The Apple Logo One of Ron Wayne¹s
first duties after co-founding Apple was to design a logo for the infant company.
The logo he created was a pen-and-ink drawing of Sir Isaac Newton leaning against
an apple tree with a portion of a William Wordsworth poem (Prelude, Book III,
Residence of Cambridge) running around the border: ³Newton É A mind forever
voyaging through strange seas of thought É alone.² Wayne¹s logo was used for a
short time, but Jobs eventually came to feel that it was too cerebral and not
easily reproduced at small sizes, so in April 1977, he instructed Rob Janov, an
art director at the Regis McKenna public relations agency, to come up with a
better logo. Janov started with a black and white silhouette of an apple, but
felt something was missing. ³I wanted to simplify the shape of an apple, and by
taking a biteÑa byte, right?Ñout of the side, it prevented the apple from looking
like a cherry tomato,² explains Janov. For a touch of class, Janov added six
colorful, horizontal stripes that paid tribute to the Apple II¹s impressive color
capabilities. Although separating the green, yellow, orange, red, purple, and
blue bars with thin black lines would have reduced registration problems during
reproduction, Jobs nixed the proposal, resulting in the Apple logo as we know it
today, which former president Michael M. Scott calls ³the most expensive bloody
logo ever designed.² In late 1997, interim CEO Jobs decided that future products
would be adorned with solid-colored Apple logos. The first Mac to receive this
treatment was the revised PowerBook G3 introduced on May 6, 1998. It featured a
large, solid ³crystal white² Apple logo on its lid. Apple¹s original logo was
designed by Ron Wayne.

Page 7

Apple II Timeline Apple¹s first president, Michael M. Scott, brought a lot of
professional experience when he was hired in May 1977 from National
Semiconductor. One of his first attempts at imposing a little organization was to
issue numbered identification badges, based roughly on each employee¹s date of
hire. ³Scotty² gave himself number seven because that¹s his lucky number, and he
issued badge number one to Wozniak because without his brilliant design of the
Apple I, there would be no company. This didn¹t sit too well with Jobs, who
rushed to Scott asking him to reconsider. Scott held his ground. ³Jobs would be
unbearable if he was number one,² felt Scott. Realizing Scott wasn¹t about to
name him employee number one, Jobs suggested a compromise: He¹d accept number
zero instead. That seemed only fair, so to keep the peace, Jobs got badge number
zero, but Apple¹s official personnel records list him as employee number two
because the Bank of America check processing software wouldn¹t allow zero. To
this day, a low employee number is a badge of honor in the corridors of Apple.
Hoping to recreate some Woodstock magic, Woz sponsored the US Festivals,
three-day ³celebrations of contemporary music and technology.² The first was held
Labor Day weekend in 1982 at the Glen Helen Regional Park, just north of San
Bernardino, California. Over 20 different entertainers performed, and there were
exhibits on the impact of technological developments. The event was marred by low
paid attendence, 340 arrests, and about 12 drug overdoses. Woz tried again
Memorial Day weekend 1983. Woz lost an estimated $20 million on the two US
Festivals, but he had fun and still considers them successful. 1976 1977 1978
1979 1980 1981 1982 IBM PC introduced ($1,565) Apple I introduced ($666) Apple II
introduced ($1,298); Janov designs new logo Apple II Plus introduced ($1,195)
Disk II introduced ($495) Apple I prototype completed TV commercials starring
Apple II spokesman Dick Cavett begin airing Jobs, Woz, and Wayne found Apple Jobs
seeks funding Markkula writes business plan Jobs, Woz, and Markkula incorporate
Apple Scott becomes first president Apple occupies Bandley One Woz throws first
US Festival; Apple II installed base = 580,370 Apple II installed base = 570
Apple II installed base = 8,170 Apple II installed base = 43,270 Apple II
installed base = 121,370 Apple II installed base = 301,370

Page 8

Apple II Timeline (continued) After resigning from Apple in 1985 over the lack of
support for the Apple II, Steve Wozniak eventually returned to college to
complete his degree. He enrolled in Berkeley under the name Rocky Raccoon Clark
and earned a bachelors degree in electrical engineering in June 1986. Woz¹s pet
dog at the time was named Rocky. Q. What's the difference between PCS (Personal
Computer Systems; the Apple II division) and the Titanic? A. The Titanic had a
dance band. Forever = 6,072 Days The Apple IIc was introduced on April 24, 1984,
in San Francisco¹s Moscone Center during a celebration called ³Apple II Forever.²
Incidentally, the pre-show setup was interrupted by an earthquake measuring 6.2
on the Richter scale. On November 15, 1993, more than 16 years after the original
Apple II was introduced and with over 5 million units shipped, Apple quietly
dropped the last of the line, the Apple IIe, from its product list. As a token
gesture to the faithful, for a while Apple continued to offer Apple II technology
through an expansion card for some early Mac LC and Performa models. The one
millionth Apple II was awarded to Ellis Elementary school in Sunnyvale,
California, on July 18,1983, as part of the ³Kids Can¹t Wait² program. 1983 1984
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Lisa ($9,995) and Apple IIe ($1,395) introduced Apple
IIc introduced ($1,295); Apple III discontinued Apple IIc Plus introduced
($1,099); GS/OS introduced ($39) Enhanced Apple IIc, Apple IIGS introduced ($999)
Platinum Apple IIe introduced ($829) Apple IIe (enhanced) introduced Apple II
installed base = 1,000,000 Apple III+ introduced ($2,995) Apple II installed base
= 2,000,000 Apple IIc installed base = 400,000 Apple IIGS System Software 5.0
introduced Lisa 2 ($3,495) and Mac ($2,495) introduced Woz throws second US
Festival Woz earns electrical engineering degree

-end of Apple Confidential - Chapter 1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OK, that was a quick, raw draft above. I converted into a rather unedited
72 Col. format, from beginning to end with all eight pages. I'm sure you can
see, It could use many paragraph breaks and edit refinements. But, I'm simply
presenting it in this single example text file for you to see that it can be
done, easy and quickly.

If you want to fix it up to properly compare with the structure, paragraph
breaks and indented lists, graphic footnotes and such that the original PDF file
has, be my guest. The programs on both the IIgs and the Mac to do such are all
available in many places with no restrictions. In fact, with this text file and
the upcoming ShrinkIt archive of the SHR converted graphics, you don't even need
a Mac. You can do it in several ways on just your IIgs. You can read my
upcoming step-by-step article mentioned below to soon appear in this issue of GS
WorldView.

The converted graphics from the PDF file (also to bee included in this folder)
will soon be made available in SHR 320 mode, grey scale and RGB color files,
within an SHK (ShrinkIt) archive named: PDF.to.SHR.SHK. Watch for it to appear
here in the next day or so.

I'll also be including a step-by-step article on exactly how to convert text and
graphics from a PDF file in this November issue of GS WorldView. Watch for it
soon in the folder named Conversion.Articles.

That's All Folks !
MacProber - GS WorldView Editor

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